A breeding resident. Scarce. Occurs widely but sparsely across the Waterberg (recorded in 37% of the Waterberg pentads); frequents both open and well-wooded country while hunting, but breeds in a copse of tall trees or on a cliff ledge in a ravine; single birds are mostly encountered, either seen soaring or languidly flapping from tree to tree; nest sites of previous years are frequently reused in successive years. Breeds in early summer.