A breeding resident. Uncommon. Occurs widely but very sparsely across the Waterberg (recorded in 12% of the Waterberg pentads); usually encountered singly; frequents both open and wooded country. It is red-listed as ‘vulnerable’ on account of declining numbers across the continent and its decline in the Waterberg is equally evident: in 1980 at least five active nests were known here (e.g. photo below) whereas no active nest sites are currently known. Breeds in winter.