A breeding resident. A cliff-nesting species, hence largely restricted to such areas (recorded in 34% of the Waterberg pentads). Pairs are territorial year-round and use the same nest sites year after year; one that is still active today is known to have been in use since 1960. About 23 nest sites are known, and extrapolation suggests that about 30 pairs are resident in the Waterberg, these mostly along the Sandriviersberg spaced 5-20 km apart. When not breeding, individuals may range widely away from breeding sites and they have been recorded in 26% of the Waterberg pentads). Breeds in winter.