A breeding resident. Uncommon. This forest-loving bird occurs widely but very sparsely across the Waterberg (recorded in 10% of the Waterberg pentads); it favours well wooded river valleys and ravines but may occur in any woodland while hunting; secretive, but its presence is mostly given away in early summer when territorial males circle high and utter a characteristic chipping call; a pair, for example, are resident in Modimolle town and were it not for this behaviour their presence would go largely undetected. Breeds in early summer.